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Strona główna

Social Policy

No 11-12 (428-429), 2009

Special issue - Unregistered labour

We recommend the papers

Stanisława Golinowska - The Basic Values and Social Tasks of the Local Self-Government. Unfinished Debate?
The article is a reflection on theoretic and axiological principles of the process of state institutions decentralization: from government centralism to territorial self-governance. The deliberations concern possibilities and abilities of territorial self-governments to run independently a lot of social issues in the circumstances, which are not favorable for taking the bit in their hands. It relates to the weakness of community and civil society, low social capital, weak participation and a tendency towards inequality and social discrepancy. Moreover, the attention is drawn to the specificity of social service development, mainly education and health care, which require an efficiently designed partnership of the three sides: government, professionals (corporate organizations) and - territorial self-government. In conclusion a thesis is presented that decentralization reform is a challenge for modern reforms in the state and in the social service sectors. It is a request for partnership and multi-level and multi -sector of public management. It is also a request for a deliberate creation of self-governance on the strength of social capital and partnership in solving social problems. Decentralization is a long process and not yet finished reform.

Jerzy Kleer - Local Self-Government as a Public Good
The main thesis of the paper is that local low-level government or self-government can become a public good if it satisfies certain conditions. It is, however, necessary to abandon standard defining criteria of a public good concentrating on the criteria of the lack of exclusion and the lack of competition. For this analysis, two models of interdisciplinary character have been used, each containing seven components: Model I: Governmental macro-structure, with components: institutional and legal order, social trust, economic policy, public goods, income diversity, consensus reaching abilities, grey area activities. Model II Local micro-sphare, with components: relation of local government to environment, the extent of local decision power, efficiency of local government, mobility of local society, the self conscioushess of local society, the local role of public goods, the attitude towards others. Each component can have diverse weight: weighting scale from 1 to 10 is proposed. We can define a limit of total weight for the transformation of local self-government into public good at the level of 75–80 points.

Krzysztof Surówka, Mateusz Winiarz - Local Self-Government and Tmeir Fund for Decentralized Social Policy
The paper presents the scope, dynamics and structure of the Polish self-governments, focusing on the period after ’04, i.e. after the new legislation on social assistance. Then, the author considers forms of the self-governments financing and takes into account their effectiveness ending with suggestion concerning substituting donations with subventions.

Justyna Przywojska - The Planning and Programmatic Functions of the Voivodeship Self-Government - A Façade or Real Impact?
The reflections undertaken in this article concern the issue of strategic planning of regional social policy. Due to the changes to the political system in Poland, initiated in 1989 and continued in 1999, local and regional authorities have been transformed into a kind of independent organizations pursuing their own policies based on long-term action plans - strategies. The requirement to draw up voivodeship strategies results not only from legal provisions, but also from a number of other motives, such as the wish to obtain funding from the EU structural funds, the necessity to integrate actions that are taken locally or to identify basic needs, resources and problems arising in the region. The article focuses on this area of regional strategic planning which relates to the wider social policy. The main aim of the article is an attempt at assessing the planning function performed by the voivodeship self-government. It looks into the principles and stages of strategic planning, the legal conditions for the development of voivodeship strategies relating to wider social policy issues and presents the results of empirical studies on regional strategies.

Elżbieta Kryńska - Labour Market Policy from the Poviat Perspective
The labour market policy in Poland is carried out by both government and self-government authorities. However, actual responsibility for situation on regional and local labour markets lies on self-government administration. The aim of the paper is to identify main problems in the field of creation and implementation of the active labour market policy (ALMP) from the poviat’s perspective. It presents the structure of ALMP expenditures in 2005-2008 and main factors which make the proportions between the instruments of supply-side ALMP and these of the demand-side ALMP disadvantageous. In the conclusions, key actions aimed at changing this proportion were listed. They include the change of the measurements of ALMP’s effectiveness and creation of methods and procedures of skills needs’ diagnosis on the local labour market.

Hanka Zaniewska, Maria Thiel - Local Government Responsibility in Housing: Tasks and Their Fulfilment
The paper discusses the scope of responsibilities of the local government for housing issues within the commune's area. Statutory provisions (including the Polish Constitution) impose on local governments responsibility for implementing the housing policy of the state, since it is on local level that both the identification of the scale and type of needs, and their fulfilment take place. The role of the commune is twofold: on the one hand, it has to create conditions for satisfying the housing needs, and on the other, it acts as a subject in the process of satisfying those needs, assuming the roles of an owner, manager, investor, or a shareholder (social housing projects, or public and private partnership ones). The tasks of the commune in the field of housing concern the following: (1) creating conditions for satisfying housing needs of all community members, (2) satisfying housing needs of those community members, who for financial reasons are unable to do it in a market-based approach through the provision of temporary accommodation and social dwellings, or provision of shelter to the homeless, (3) managing the housing stock owned by the commune. Those tasks are carried out in the following ways: (a) creating conditions for satisfying housing needs of all community members includes physical economy and land management, commune development strategies and long-term programmes of managing the commune's housing stock, revitalization programmes, acquisition of external financial resources (state budget or EU funds), provision of housing benefits; (b) satisfying housing needs of community members is effected through increasing and maintaining the municipal housing stock, including the construction of new homes exclusively from own resources of the commune, or co-financed by the commune (Social Housing Associations, or public and private partnership projects), taking over former factory or military flats, conversion of school, dormitory, hostel, etc. buildings or other facilities (post-industrial) to satisfy needs related to social dwellings, modernization, thermal insulation and refurbishment projects; (c) managing own housing stock includes renting flats that make up the municipal housing stock, maintaining that stock, sale of municipal dwellings, participation in establishing and directing tenant management organizations. The communes' tasks are presented at the background of problems pertaining to their completion.

Bożena Balcerzak-Paradowska - Family Policy in Municipality. Assumptions and Realities
The paper begins with principles of local family policy. Then, author presents major findings of the field study concerning family policy in local communities in four Polish voivodships.

Piotr Błędowski, Paweł Kubicki - Social Assistance - Main social level social institution
The paper synthetically shows the role and tasks of social assistance on a local level, here primarily understood as the lowest level of local administration - gmina. The text first presents a brief summary of legal basis for social assistance as well as explains gmina's tasks. Next the paper describes available social security benefits. Finally those issues which can challenge and undermine the whole system are discussed, for example integration of social assistance initiatives, labour market and national health service.

Iwona Kowalska - The Local Government Responsibility for Health - Primary Care. Expectation and Reality
The article concerns the aspects of the local government responsibility for health care with the special importance of primary care development. The author identified recent events connected with the decentralization of health care powers as well as those which influenced current functions of primary health. To identified the real problems of primary care functioning and its relation with local authority and National Health Found (the payer institution) the Ministry of Health, Supreme Chamber of Control and The Main Statistic Office documents have been used. Also the legal analysis concerning the aspects of local government and primary care qualifications in the health care system has been done.

"Social Policy " - Contents 11-12/2009 : Special Issue