JThe article discusses the solutions adopted in Polish system, evaluates them on the background of international solutions as well as presents the problems that it may be necessary to solve in near future. To begin with, one may say that Polish social security system is well developed and its solutions are generally in accordance with European standards as established in the regulations of ILO, Council of Europe and European Union, although some of them are not. It is possible to point down some systematic and parametric problems that need solution in near future. They are presented in the final part of the article.

For an affection to be acknowledged as an occupational disease, it is necessary to determine whether a given disease is listed on the schedule of occupational diseases, and to be able to state unquestionably or with a high dose of probability that it has either been caused by factors harmful to health occurring in work settings, or else, that it has resulted from a particular manner of work performance. Thus, in the context of Polish law, the category of occupational diseases does not cover all health outcomes that may affect an employee as a result of work performance. However, there is a great number of work-related affections that are not featured on the occupational diseases’ schedule. There are also so-called paraoccupational diseases, which pose just as serious problem as occupational diseases do. Contrary to the recommendations of the European Union, the Polish legislator did not make any essential changes to the national regulations in the sphere of occupational diseases. Most strikingly, the schedule (list) of occupational diseases has not been extended, as this would mean a rise of the cost of labour and of the social security expenditure. Henceforth, it is necessary to devise in our country such legal framework in the sphere of occupational diseases, which would allow to acknowledge as occupational diseases also other work-related affections that currently do not feature on the occupational diseases’ schedule, but the professional nature of which and origin may be confirmed. A significant element of prevention treatment as applied by employers should also include the making of transfer onto another work post, i.e. such work post that would be suitable due to worker’s state of health, shall his or her working in the current placement pose a threat to health and a risk of permanent loosing of working ability.

The article is based on the research pf labor market job offers as well as education. The objectives of the research were to identify the professions sought by the entrepreneurs but also those that cause the increase of unemployment on the labor market. The research included people from post secondary schools as well as employers. Despite the gradual decrease in the unemployment rate in the region , the labor market is still characterized by the serious imbalance between demand and supply. The employers state that the reorganizations of the vocational learning was a mistake. They expect undertaking more radical decisions allowing to reactivate vocational schools and what is more increasing the enrollment to those schools. According to the forecasts the construction teaching vocational schools will maintain a great interest among pupils. A relative number of employers is already willing to employ carpenters, brick layers, plasterers or concrete workers. Yet according to the teachers the vocational schools are in regress due to the parents’ ambitions who treat sending their children to such type of schools as infamy. As a result school teach subjects for which there is no demand on the labor market or too few experts in deficit professions. Such workers should be sought among the long term unemployed. In particular those from rural areas where people tend to be unemployed for longer periods of time. They should be encouraged to receive money for work not to obtain money from different benefits. The monitoring of professions is a necessary tool on the labor offers’ market. The completion picture as well as the a material for the further analysis should be the employment structure of the Warmia and Mazury region.

The analysis focuses on the phenomenon of return migrations and conclusions that might come for Poland in this area from experiences of states that became members of the European Unions earlier Opening of labor markets of many European Union member states resulted in an increase of employment migrations among Poles. In the history of the European Union there were several increases of employment migrations, which were related to lifting of restrictions. At the same time, however, all typical emigration countries recorded return migrations after some period of membership. An analysis of experiences of emigration states, which became European Union members, can bring out a conclusion that also in the case of Poland a significant scale of return migration will take place within s few years, and the number of Poles undertaking employment in other member states will first stop rising, followed by a drop.

Since 2002, Germany has been involved in extensive labour market reform effort. The reducing long-term unemployment and developing low-skilled labour was one of the main elements of new employment policy. That is why so-called minijobs which consist of part-time work with reduced social coverage have gradually come to occupy a central place in German low-wage job development strategy. The article presents the historical background of minijobs’ expansion in Germany, describes precisely recent reforms and analyses the effectiveness of presented new labour market instruments.

Since 2002, Germany has been involved in extensive labour market reform effort. The reducing long-term unemployment and developing low-skilled labour was one of the main elements of new employment policy. That is why so-called minijobs which consist of part-time work with reduced social coverage have gradually come to occupy a central place in German low-wage job development strategy. The article presents the historical background of minijobs’ expansion in Germany, describes precisely recent reforms and analyses the effectiveness of presented new labour market instruments.