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The author presents and analyses current challenges in family policy, among many, demographic changes, changes in labour, investments in young generation. The need of family policy results from the social functions of family, procreation for example, which decides about quantitative development and the structure of the population in a given country, and on a global scale. The results of the functioning of families, which concern the following generations, are in the shape of strengthening or changes in the social structure. Through its educational and social function, family participates in the processes of creation and development of human capital. Hence, family policy is a significant domain of the activity of the state. In the article the author presents and discusses family policy programme in Poland.

Stanisława Golinowska - Family policy and changes in the family, economy and state. Voice in the polish debate  

The subject of this article is family policy considered from three perspectives: (1) changes in the family formation process, (2) changes in the national welfare state model and (3) changes in the economic structure: transformation from industry dominated economy to service and information economy. The paper describes various family policies in the world as well as the evolution of the family policy in Poland in long history. Finally – in the article is assessed the nowadays Polish family policy program.

Irena E. Kotowska -Remarks on Family policy in Poland in the context of increases in fertility and women’s employment 

Debates on fertility increase in Poland cannot ignore that simultaneously there is a strong pressure on employment increase, especially of women’s employment. The article focuses on determinants of reconciling between labour market participation and family, considered in terms of structural and cultural conflicts. By referring to results of empirical studies in the field, it is argued that those measures which reduce indirect costs of motherhood are of primary relevance for stimulating both fertility increase and higher employment of women. These measures diminish the structural conflict (the institutional stetting not adequately adjusted to women’s employment) and cultural conflict (the perception of gender roles neglecting the increasing labour force participation of women). They include: the development of institutional child care, gender-neutral possibilities of flexible work organisation and part-time, leaves and social benefits as well as promotion of the dual earner-dual carer family model and gender equality in employment.

Danuta Graniewska- Work and family 

Earning work is a base subsistence of majority family and there is basic form of realization of economic function of family. Level of employment and sizes of unemployment decides about professional activity of population. These phenomena have been discussed and illustrated by statistic data. Material situation in the form of level of revenue is discussed according to socially-professional groups and to number of force of family on base of result of Household budget surveys mainly. Final part of article includes estimate of situation of family general and possibility of satisfaction of satisfaction of its basic functions.

Zofia Jacukowicz - Living wage 

This paper addresses the question what is a living wage and how it differs from the general definition of remuneration, described as just and fair remuneration for work. The appropriate level of living wage for Poland is discussed. The idea of treating the remuneration as a show of solidarity, preventing poverty, as well as enabling families to develop and raise children, is presented. Treating remuneration as a living wage requires the guarantee of sufficient pay for the family father. The discrepancy between the remuneration in Poland and sufficient living wage is shown. An alternative point of view about remuneration, stating that the amount of remuneration should reflect the value of the work performed, regardless of who performed the work, is presented.

Dorota Głogosz - Reconciliation of work and family life as a challenge to family policy  

The paper presents main reasons why we – in Poland – have need to improve existing arrangements for work-family balance and to enforce new solutions in this area. From an economical point of view all important are: reducing of unemployment, economic inactivity, especially correlated with family reasons, and the reduction of negative trends in demography (low fertility, ageing). In Poland, family friendly solutions in employment are in exist for a long time but there are not a compact system now. It is a challenge to family policy (explicite and implicite) to create new, flexible frames for work-family balance, conformable to the fast transformation of labour market and include various ways and means of the family life’s organization.

Bożena Kołaczek - The investment in youth and principle of equal changes in both family and education policy  

The treatment with education in inveastment cathegory means that in reality high level of investment expenditure in youth results from higher family incomes, higher education level of parents, less number of children. Not all families can ccarry adequate expenditure on children education, therefore no acceptation to social inequalities implies social fairness and principle of equal educational chances. The state try to secure the realization of this principle by adequaite systems of assistance for families learning children and youth. Those systems means families benefits, scholarships and other financial forms of support.

Wielisława Warzywoda-Kruszyńska - Counteracting child poverty  

The Reports by Innocenti Centre revealed that developed European countries face child poverty. Its extent is different in different countries and correlates with social welfare regimes and cultural patterns of the child. The lowest child poverty indices are observed in Nordic countries, the highest in United Kingdom, Ireland and Italy. In the article are presented strategies counteracting child poverty as implemented in Finland and Great Britain. The sociology of childhood study carried out among poor children in England points out possibility to enhance standard repertoire used to counteract child poverty.

Gertruda Uścińska - Coordination on family benefis in community regulations 

The article presents the principles of coordination of social security schemes in general and of family benefits in particular. It shows the level in which the principles of coordination influence Polish family benefits scheme. It describes the tasks of the authorities and competent institutions responsible for the implementation of Community regulations in this area. Statistics included in the article refer to the benefits exported from other Member States. The last part of the article enlists the problems that need to be resolved in order to ensure efficient coordination of social security schemes.

Piotr Szukalski - Changes in family patterns – challenges to policy family 

Changes in patterns of marital and procreation behaviours are more and more widespread in Europe and in Poland. It forces to rethink the public policy toward family. Driven by increase in diversity of family forms and increase in expectations to support reconciliation of family duties and the professional ones public policy has to use a modified definition of the family to include new forms of long-term relations.

Furthermore: 
Book reviews

CONTENTS 8/2007

 
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