Gertruda Uścińska - The desirable courses of development in Polish disability pension system
The paper is a statement in an ongoing public dispute on the subject of changes in a disability pension system in Poland. The current solutions are discussed, there are also some proposals on the future changes contrasted with solutions adopted in other Member States. The range of problems that should be a subject of further research in order to reform the system is also outlined.

Bożena Kołaczek -  Anti-discriminatory regulations concerning disabled persons
The principles of social policy in Poland are based on equality to law and equality in law, that is meant social rights in Constitution. From objective views is observed privilege in disabled people principles in employment policy by financial incentives employers, more state-aided education, additionally benefits for disabled children and their parents, reduction tax. In reality, fewer discrimination is appeared in access to employment and in equal treatment by employers in the job. Nursing services in a place resident are secured by public institutions as self-governments, non-profit organizations and voluntaries. From demographics trends that’s means more and more older population and increasing phenomenon of disability create the growth demand on nursing services in place resident and in nursing institutions, mostly for disabled and older people.

Leszek Morawski - Impact of selected tax and social security reforms on household income in Poland
Two major tax and benefits reforms were implemented in 2007 in Poland. The first one decreased a rate of a disability social security contribution while the second one increased an amount of a tax child credit to 1145 PLN. A paper compares costs of implementation of these and some other potential tax and social security reforms as well as presents some distributional consequences that might be caused by the reforms. Potential reforms considered in a paper are: flat-tax reform with a 18% tax rate, two tier personal income tax system with 18% and 32% rates, rising an amount of revenue costs for a permanent employment. The results obtained by using a tax-benefit microsimulation model SIMPL showed that the increasing a child tax credit to 572.5 PLN would have been the most efficient reform in terms of lowering the at-risk of poverty rate. This is because this change targets families with children better than other considered reforms.

Magdalena J. Markowska - Private care as the factor leading to social exclusion of guardians
Because of the change in demographic structure there are more and more elderly people in Poland. They develop illnesses common in old age. From Alzheimer’s disease suffer about 250 thousands of people in Poland. Each one, according to the phase of the disease should be provided with round-the-clock supervision. The vast majority of caregivers in our country are family members. However, the time of caregiving becomes for the guide a time of gradual removal from the society. It weakens guardian’s bounds with other members of the family, make them resign from taking part in political, social and cultural life. Causes a considerable aggravation of mental and physical health. Lack of efficient help system excludes and marginalise guardians.

Mirosław Gorczyca - The differentiation of the income and the expenditures of polish households in 2006
The article presents the results of the research on household budgets. It includes a type of the social-economic groups, households and location, as well as the quintiles of income groups. The author also shows surplus of income over expenditures in 2006 and in 1998–2006. He describes the structure of expenditures and compares it to the social minimum level.

Marek Szczepański, Tomasz Brzęczek - The determinants of development of occupational pension schemes In Poland from the employers’ point of view
The article presents the results of survey in chosen 100 companies in Poland which offer occupational pension schemes (so called Employees’ Pension Programs - EPP) for their employees. The purpose of the survey was to identify the determinants of creation and shaping (choice of form) of the EPP. The additional purpose was to find out the opinions of respondents about institutional, legal and economical construction of the occupational pension schemes. The results of the opinion poll show that the most important determinants of foundation of EPP are: providing the employees a supplementary pension insurance and keeping the employees in company (strengthening of loyalty). The most important determinants of shaping EPP are: a possibility of insurance of employees and of influence of the company on management of EPP assets. The respondents see advantages for their companies resulting from EPP. But at the same time they stress the need of introduction of stronger economical (especially fiscal) incentives for employers and employees who participate in occupational pension schemes in Poland. Occupational pension schemes in form of employees’ pension fund, offered for the employees of more than one enterprises, could reduce operating costs of the EPP

Rafał Kruszka - Immigrants’ integration the french society
The article concentrates on description of the community of immigrants by revealing the country of origin and the causes of the marginalization in the French society. The differences between newcomers and indigenous population are presented on the basis of the social capital inherited from the family. Subject matter of non-formal social and spatial segregation is described on the example of the events which occured at autumn 2005, called as “revolt of suburbs”. Description of incidents in French suburbs allows to understand complexity and mechanismes that unable immigrants to become integrated with the French society.